基础设施行业的竞争绩效:公路与铁路

对中短途客运市场上公路和铁路的竞争关系以及铁路客运经营绩效变化的实证研究表明:在铁路运输业内部保持垄断经营的条件下,公路客运已经与铁路客运形成有效竞争,两者竞争的焦点是路网规模和客运相对价格;竞争对铁路运输业的经营绩效有显著影响;竞争是运输能力、服务质量和价格等方面的全面竞争,单纯靠提高旅客列车运行速度并不能使铁路客运取得明显竞争优势。铁路运输规制部门应将规制重点从准入规制、价格规制和投资规制等领域转向安全规制、服务质量规制和普遍服务规制等领域,并实施政企分开和基于大交通视角的规制部门整合。

Competition Performance of Infrastructure:Road and Railway

The analysis on the competition between railway and road in short-medium distance passenger transport market and the measurement of the performance of railway industry shows:The competitions from road can stimulate railway industry to improve its performance even it keeping monopolistic.The competitions focus on the construction of road network and pricing,which impact on the profit margin,labor productivity,passenger traffic volume and quality of service of railway industry.It is hardly to gain competitive advantage for railway only by increasing speed of passenger trains.We suggest that railway administration department should changing major governing from entering,price and investment to safety,service quality and general service.Besides,separating enterprises from government management and government integration in the vision of macro-transportation should be implemented.