中国对外贸易的劳动就业效应:贸易结构视角

文章旨在分析中国对外贸易结构变动在劳动就业以及城乡劳动力转移中产生的作用。文章认为中国对外贸易的发展有利于劳动就业水平的提升;对外贸易结构的改善有利于促进中国农村劳动力向城市转移,优化劳动就业结构;城乡劳动力转移,农村人口比重的降低,不能仅仅依靠农业的发展,而必须以第二、三产业发展为依托,不能单纯依靠经济规模的扩大和投资的增加,而需要通过产业结构调整,促进城乡联动;对外贸易劳动就业效应的可持续发挥需以经济增长和资本积累为基础;社会劳动就业的增长,就业结构的改善有利于促进经济增长和资本积累。

Effect of International Trade on Employment in China: A Trade Structure Perspective

Employment in urban and rural areas becomes the key problem for improving the economy soundly and fast as well as building the society harmoniously in China.This paper analyses how the upgrading of China’s international trade structure affects the employment and the labor transfer from rural to urban areas.It concludes that: development of international trade in China is good for enlarging employment scale;improvement of international trade structure is good for both labor transfer from rural to urban areas and optimization of employment structure;labor transfer from rural to urban areas and rural population rate coming down should rely on the improvement of secondary and tertiary industry,not just depend on agriculture growth,which also need adjust the in-dustrial structure and tight rural and urban linkage better,instead of only enlarging economic scale and increasing investment;it is based on economic growth and capital accumulation that international trade impacts on employment sustainable;increasing of employment and improving of employment structure are good for economic growth and capital accumulation.