国际贸易视角下的低碳经济

低碳经济已成为世界各国应对全球气候变化的战略选择,而实施低碳发展就必须对现有国际贸易理论和实践进行创新。本文对国际贸易背景下我国低碳发展的具体措施和关键环节进行了说明,指出我国应根据国情,加快技术进步,提高能源利用效率以及降低碳排放强度。结合当前国际上颇受争议的碳关税问题,我们认为,碳关税的征收不仅不能降低碳排放,减缓气候变化,相反,碳关税的实施有可能偏离最初的减排设想,加剧发展中国家的负担,导致发展中国家和发达国家出现贸易纠纷。为此,本文分析了碳关税的涵义及其对我国贸易活动和相关产业可能带来的冲击,强调我国应充分运用减排领域的比较优势尤其是联合国倡导的国际原则来解决今后贸易和环境领域可能出现的争端。

Low Carbon Economy in the Context of International Trade

This paper surveys low carbon economy and its implication to international trade. We study the low carbon economy with implication of international trade including border tax adjustments, with particular emphasis on the impact of the carbon tariffs on the pollution intensive industries in China. Given the new challenge of low carbon economy and the carbon tariffs abroad,we argue that carbon tariffs would exert little impact on reducing global carbon emissions, on the contrary, carbon tariffs may incite the "trade war" between the developed and less-developed worlds. We conclude that China should insist on the principles that the United Nations advocate i.e. the ‘Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility’ and the ‘Clean Development Mechanism’, meanwhile China should speed up reducing the intensity of carbon emission by adjusting and upgrading the industrial structure.