高科技新创企业关系嵌入与结构嵌入的交互对绩效的影响——双元创新的中介效用研究

双元创新对新创企业生存与发展的价值不言而喻,然而,由于新创企业新且小的特点,其资源匮乏导致没有足够的资源实施双元创新。因而,现有研究主要从战略视角关注双元创新中的一种创新行为对绩效的影响,缺乏从网络嵌入视角对双元创新的整合型研究。对于存在资源约束的新创企业,利用网络嵌入获取资源来实施双元创新是提升绩效的有效路径。而现有研究已经证明了关系嵌入和结构嵌入能够单独影响双元创新,但鲜有研究探讨关系嵌入和结构嵌入的交互对双元创新的影响以及双元创新在上述交互关系到绩效的转化过程中所起的桥梁作用。基于社会网络理论和双元理论,文章利用bootstrap方法对187份高科技新创企业样本进行了回归分析,验证了关系嵌入和结构嵌入的交互对双元创新的正向影响,而双元创新在上述交互向绩效转化的过程具有显著的中介作用。文章基于网络嵌入多维视角探究了双元创新对新创企业绩效的价值,不仅丰富了双元理论,也进一步完善了社会网络理论。最后讨论了本研究的实践价值和理论意义,提出了未来可能的研究方向。

The Effect of the Interaction of Relational Embeddedness and Structural Embeddedness on the Hi-Tech New Ventures: the Mediating Role of Innovation Ambidexterity

With the development of new technology and the complexity of the competitive environment, new high-tech firms must allocate information and knowledge to realize the innovation of technology and products. For new ventures, absolute explorative innovation can cause resource traps while absolute exploitative innovation can cause the failure because of the out-of date products. Therefore, new high-tech firms should focus on explorative innovation and exploitative innovation in balance for the superior performance and then innovation ambidexterity is addressed on agenda. Innovation ambidexterity provides a mechanism for the firms to transform explorative innovation and exploitative innovation which can be crucial for the lacking resources for new ventures. So this paper will focus on innovation ambidexterity and explore its antecedents and its outcomes to make sure the mechanism for firm development and growth for high-tech ventures. For the high-tech new ventures, the features of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity in the environment has brought more dynamics for new ventures in the innovative process, which call for explorative innovation and exploitative innovation for face the more and more fierce competition. Although innovation ambidexterity can effectively improve and facilitate the performance, while the both innovations also need more resources to support the innovative behaviors. Newness and smallness bring resource constraint for new ventures, so it is hard to make sure the effect of innovation ambidexterity on the performance. It is necessary to study the above relationships to strengthen the performance. Besides, the current studies the effects of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on the innovation respectively, and lack the combinative studies of the interactive view of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness in the view of social capital, especially the relationship of interaction of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on the innovation. This paper may show a new view for the above shortcoming. Innovation ambidexterity plays a great role in the survival and development for new ventures. Implementing innovation ambidexterity by using network embeddedness to obtain resources is an effective way to improve performance. The existing research has already proved that relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness have effects on innovation ambidexterity separately. However, few studies investigate the effects of interaction between relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on innovation ambidexterity and the bridging role of innovation ambidexterity between such an interaction and performance. Based on social network theory and ambidexterity theory, using 187 samples from hi-tech new ventures, this paper validates the positive effects of the interaction between relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness on innovation ambidexterity as well as the mediating role of innovation ambidexterity in the transforming process of such an interaction to performance. Finally, the practical value and theoretical significance are discussed, and possible directions for future research are proposed.