集聚外部性如何影响企业生产率?

文章基于中国制造业企业微观数据,在省份、地级以上城市和区县三个地理层面,检验和比较了集聚外部性的三个源泉影响企业生产率增长的内在机制。研究发现,在同一地理层面,投入共享对生产率的促进作用最大,劳动力池次之,知识溢出最小。分地理层面来看,投入共享效应在省份层面最明显,地级以上城市层面次之,区县层面最小;省份和地级以上城市层面的劳动力池效应大于区县层面;知识溢出效应仅在城市和区县层面成立。同时,集聚外部性的相对重要性还依赖于地区市场化进程和行业技术水平。文章结论有利于更深入理解集聚外部性与企业生产率的关系,从而进一步打开集聚经济的地理黑箱,也能够为公共政策在不同行政区划层次的精准发力提供理论支持。

How Agglomeration Externalities Impact on Firms' Productivity

Based on the micro data of Chinese manufacturing, this study investigates the impact of agglomeration externalities on firms' productivity growth at the three geographical levels, covering provinces, prefecture-level cities and counties. The conclusions are as follows:At the same geographical level, input sharing has the largest promoting effect on firms' productivity, followed by labor market pooling and knowledge spillovers. The input sharing effect has the most importance at the province level, followed by the prefecture-level city and county level; the labor market pooling effects at the province level and the prefecture-level city are more important than the county level; the knowledge spillovers effect is only exist at the prefecture-level city and county level. The relative importance of different sources of agglomeration externalities also depends on the technical level of industries and the market-oriented reform. The conclusion of this article is beneficial to further open the "black box" of agglomeration economy in theory, and also provide theoretical support for the precision of public policies.