基于PEST模型的中国自然保护区建设与管理探讨

利用PEST分析模型,系统分析国家政策、经济、社会文化和技术层面的新变化以及自然保护区建设管理过程中面临的机遇与挑战。面临的机遇是生态文明建设、生物多样性保护、依法治国等国家战略的实施将为保护区战略地位、区地协同、机制创新、技术创新、治理优化、资金投入创造有利条件;存在的主要问题包括治理结构、管理机制、资源权属不捋顺、规划执行不到位、管理较为粗放、专业水平不高等;面临的挑战包括未来大数据、物联网、云计算等新兴技术对保护区的管理模式和运行方式可能带来重大改变。基于上述分析,认为中国自然保护区进入创新发展阶段,全面推进保护区治理体系建设,加强保护区科学规划、保护管理、科研监测、社区共管和生态经济服务等方面的能力建设和数字化保护区升级建设成为中国自然保护区建设与管理的战略重点。

Exploration of the Development and Management of China's Natural Reserves Based on PEST Model

Based on the PEST model established according to the development features of the nature reserves, this article examines systematically the recent changes in state policies, economy,society&culture,as well as technology,and the opportunities and challenges in the process of the development and management of the nature reserves. The opportunity is that the implementation of a series of national strategies, such as building an ecological civilization, protecting biodiversity, and governing the country according to law,will create genial conditions for enhancing the strategic position of the nature reserves,for promoting synergy between the nature reserves and the communities,and for fostering mechanism innovation,technological innovation,governance optimization,and investment. The major existing problems and challenges include the fundamental problems involving governance departments,mechanism of management,and relationship of resource property right,as well as the problems of capacity development,including poor implementation of the planning,extensive management,and lack of professionalism. In the future,the emerging technologies,such as big data,Internet of Things,and cloud computing,will radically reform the management pattern and operation mode of the nature reserves. Based on the above analysis,the author believes that China's nature reserves are entering a new development stage of innovation. Comprehensively promoting the development of a governance system for the nature reserves,strengthening the capacities in scientific planning,protection and management,research,monitoring,community co-management,as well as ecological economy services,and bringing forward the development of digitalized nature reserves will become the first priorities of China's in developing and managing its nature reserves.