跨域生态环境协作治理中的集体行动:以祁连山区域生态治理为例

在生态环境治理中,环保政策在纵向政府层层执行中的怠惰拖延以及政府部门、地方政府对横向环境协作的忽视冷漠导致了跨域生态环境协作的困境。作为我国生态文明体制改革的一个典型样本,祁连山生态环境的嬗变就深刻地体现了这一困境。作为枢纽和信息交汇处,纵向"中继者"组织——中央环保督察组和生态环境部地方派出执法监督机构,以及横向"中继者"组织——跨域生态环境协作治理组织,可以推进中央政府、地方政府、跨域协作组织、企业、非营利组织、学者、民众等行动主体的协作治理。在生态治理过程中,各个行动主体在理性的"搭便车者"和无私的奉献者之间面临着两难选择。在这个意义上,抑制行动主体的自利性并强化其为公共利益服务的利他性是实现协作治理的关键。同时,地方政府可以通过研究型事业单位和政府的派出机构与民众、学者等行动主体就环境治理问题进行协作,形成跨域治理的"空间利益共同体"。

The Study on the Collective Action of Collaborative Governance in the Cross-Boundary Ecological Environment Governance: the Case Study of Qilian Mountain

The implementation of environmental policies and the collaborative governance of ecological environment were always neglected hierarchically and horizontally respectively. The problem of ecological environment of Qilian Mountain reflects the dilemma of collaborative environmental governance. It is also the sample of the reform of the ecological civilization system in China. The vertical junction eg.“relais”-the Agency of Inspection of Environmental Protection of Central Government and the Local Institution of Inspection of Environmental Protection of Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the horizontal “relais”- the organization of cross-border ecological collaboration governance could improve the collaborative governance among central government, local government, cross-border collaborative organization, enterprises, non-profit organization, scholars and the public. In the process of ecological environmental governance, all actors are faced with the dilemma of rational “free-rider” and the altruistic behavior. To promote the ecological collaboration, this article suggests that it should be strengthened the behavior of public interest of actors so as to constrain the self-interest behavior of actors. At the same time, local governments might collaborate with the scholars and the public through research public institutions and local government agencies to construct the “alliance of space interests”.