上网电价政策对发电企业成本的影响分析

通过对我国上网电价测算方法的比较，得到相应电价机制下发电企业的电价成本模型。不同电价机制下的电力工程造价系数说明，只有标杆电价政策对发电工程造价即发电项目固定成本存在明显约束，而经营期电价政策可以相对减缓发电企业电力工程造价见涨的趋势，也说明事前定价机制下发电企业降低成本的努力程度更大。发电企业减少成本的努力程度与单机容量和年利用小时数成正比。电价政策的改革调整激励发电企业采用高参数、大容量、低煤耗的大机组。从电价政策对发电企业运营成本的影响来看，不同电价政策郝对发电企业减少其运营成本有激励作用。近年标杆上网电价水平的调整能给企业带来更多的收益，而煤炭价格的上涨进一步加大了发电企业的成本控制压力。

Influence of On-grid Electricity Tariff Policy on the Generation Cost of Power Generation Enterprises

Through comparison of the pricing methods for on-grid tariff in China over the years, a cost model is established for the power generation enterprises under corresponding pricing mechanism. The cost coefficient for power generation project under different pricing mechanisms illustrates that only the benchmark pricing mechanism has a higher restrictive effect than the pricing mechanism in operation period has on the cost of power generation project, i.e., the fixed cost of power generation project, showing the greater effectiveness of the advance pricing mechanism. The power generation cost of the power generation enterprises varies proportionally with the generator＇s capacity and its annual utilization hours. Adjustment of power pricing policy will encourage the power generation enterprises to adopt the large generating units with high coefficient, large capacity and low coal-consumption. An analysis of the effect of power pricing policy on the operational cost of power generation enterprises shows that different power pricing policies have all the effect of encouraging the power generation enterprises to reduce the operational cost. The adjustment of the benchmark on-grid tariff in recent years have brought about more benefits to the power generation enterprises, while the surging of coal prices have increased the cost-control pressure of the power generation enterprises.