俄罗斯天然气行业发展存在的几个突出问题

俄罗斯天然气工业发达,基础设施完善,但同时也存在几个突出问题:1)长期以来,俄罗斯国内天然气价格偏低,但俄国内气价上涨对其工业和整个经济发展的负面影响很大,因此俄国内气价上调幅度和步骤是俄政府面临的一个难题.2)俄统一供气管网由Gazprom所有并垄断运营,独立天然生产商非歧视性使用管道在短期内很难实现.3)Gazprom及其全资子公司享有俄罗斯天然气出口的专营权,阻碍了俄整个天然气行业包括LNG、煤层气的发展,也妨碍了俄罗斯天然气进入亚太市场.4)俄每年放空燃烧的伴生气约200亿立方米,为石油伴生气产量的25％～30％,但有效利用伴生气存在经济上和技术上的障碍.虽然俄政府解决有效利用石油伴生气的决心很大,但是石油公司实现伴生气的有效利用任重道远.只有解决好上述四个问题,俄罗斯天然气工业才能获得更加长足的发展.

Several prominent problems in the development of Russian natural gas industry

Russia’ s natural gas industry is well-developed in terms of infrastructure.However,it still has some shortcomings: 1) to limit the negative impact on economic growth,the government restricts the rise in Russia’ s domestic natural gas prices;2) Russia’ s unifed natural gas pineline system monopolized by Gazprom discriminates against independent gas shippers;3) the export of natural gas is also monopolized by Gazprom and its wholly owned subsidiary,and this hinders development of LNG,coal-bed methane extraction, and access by the Asia-Pacific market to Russia’ s natural gas;and 4) efficient use of petroleum associated gas is relatively low amid economic and technical obstacles, although the Russian government is determined to solve this problem.Russia’ s natural gas industry won’t be fully developed until these problems are resolved.