考虑换乘费用的城市公共交通票价优化

换乘所产生的附加费用,如时间和票价等,导致配流影响因素产生变化,如果沿用传统方式将降低预测精度和可靠性。通过引入换乘次数和方式等因子计算出行等待、乘车、换乘及风险评估预留时间等,定义广义出行费用与计算方法;建立双层规划模型求解最优票价,最后通过算例分析弹性出行需求、换乘费用、票价之间的关系。计算结果表明,换乘费用对出行需求的影响小于票价优化对出行需求的影响,优化票价随换乘费用增加而加速降低,为公共交通票价优化提供研究依据。

Optimization of Public Transport Fare Considering Transfer Costs

The additional expenses incurred by the transfer,such as time and fare,cause changes in the factors affecting passenger flow distribution.If the flow is still performed in the traditional way,the prediction accuracy and reliability will be reduced.The travel waiting time,travel time,transfer time and risk assessment reservation time were calculated by introducing the number of transfer times,methods.The wide and narrow travel costs and calculation methods are defined,and then,a two-level planning model is established to solve the optimal fare.The upper model uses the artificial fish swarm algorithm to target the best social welfare,and the lower model uses the ant colony with improved pheromone update principle to allocate elastic travel demand.Finally,an example is used to analyze the relationship among flexible travel demand,transfer costs,and fares.The results show that the impact of transfer costs on travel demand is less than the impact of fares on travel demand.Optimized fares accelerate decreasing as the transfer costs increase.