回望“真实性”(authenticity)(下)——一个旅游研究的热点

麦坎内尔掀起的"真实性"研究热已逾30年,其间,研究视角逐渐从"客观"转向"主观",这既反映出真实性内涵的延展与变迁,亦凸显旅游主体—游客体验的重要性。然而,就研究者日渐褊狭的视域来看,旅游客体真实性对旅游体验真实性的影响从松散到几近断裂,旅游主体甚至以"悦纳万物"的信仰姿态视一切"存在"为真,从而收获真实的体验。客观真实与主观真实,究竟是谁决定或影响了谁?对此问题的探寻导致学界对旅游客体之"虚假"的重新界定和对旅游体验之"真实"的再度好奇,并因此形成旅游真实性研究的纷争局面。有鉴于此,对国外真实性研究做一番缘起、视角、界定等方面的梳理和反思,或将对国内相关研究与应用有所裨益。

Review of Authenticity(Ⅱ ) : A Hot Spot in Tourism Study

The discourse of "authenticity" has been introduced into tourism studies by Dean Mac Cannell for more than 30 years,during which the academic focus has gradually been transferred from "objective authenticity" to "subjective authenticity".This not only reflects the extension and vicissitude of the connotation of authenticity,but emphasizes the importance of tourist experiences.However,as far as the increasingly narrow sense of academic perspective is concerned,it is obvious that objective authenticity can less affect tourist experiences as tourists begin to adopt an existential view on the world.Who on earth determines or affects whom? The quest of such question results in the redefinition of the "false element" of tourist objects and the new curiosity of the "true element" of experiencing authenticity among academia,which subsequently forms a situation of dispute regarding the true aspect of tourist studies.Therefore,it is necessary to make a review of the origin,perspectives and definitions about authenticity research abroad,which may be of great help to relevant researches domestically.