中国和国际林产品贸易对森林保护和人民生计的影响

分析了中国林产品进出口的总量、结构、变化、增长趋势及对相关国家和地区人民生计的影响,提出了作为进口国消费国、生产国和加工国应采取的措施。1997年到2005年间,中国林产品进口总量折合原木材积增长了两倍多,从0.40亿m3增长到1.34亿m3,进口额也翻了一番。2005年,俄罗斯、马来西亚、印尼、泰国、巴布新几内亚列中国总木质林产品进口前5名,进口额占71.6%;加拿大、印尼、俄罗斯、智利、美国列纸浆进口前5位,进口额占77.6%;美国、日本、香港、欧盟是中国林产品出口的主要目的地。中国迅速增长的林产品贸易对国际社会也有消极影响,导致不可持续采伐、非法采伐等问题,但中国只是全球产业链上的一环,来自美国、欧盟和日本的购买者和零售商也负有不可推卸的责任。中国应认清其在国际林产品贸易中的关键地位,加快其林业部门的改革步伐,推动本国的林产品生产和供给,实现可持续的林业发展。

Impact of China and Global Forest Products upon Forest Protection and People's Livelihood

The paper analyzes the gross, structrue, change, tends of forest products imports and exports, focuses on the influence of China's forest products on people's livelihood in related countries. And it puts out corresponding measures both as an importing country and an exporting nation. The gross of China's forest products imports has increased twice more from 1997 to 2005, that is from 40 million m3 to 134 million m3. In the year of 2005, the top five nations importing timber products from China are Russia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Papua New Guinea ranks, whose volume accounting for 71.6%, and top five ones importing pulp from China are Canada, Indonesia, Russia, Chile, Ameriaca, whose importing volume occupyies 77.6%. China's forest products export to USA, Japan, Hongkong, EU. China's increasing demands of forest products also have negative effect to the internatioanl society, but it is only part of global industrial chain, consumers and retailers from USA, EU, Japan and other accompanying countries have to be responsible for it.China should recognize its key role in the international trade of forest products, accelerate its reform from forest sectors, promote its supply of forest products and realize sustaianble develpment of forestry.