创新、企业家活动配置与长期经济增长

本文继承并扩展了熊彼特关于企业家精神的思想,把企业家活动的配置引入内生技术创新模式。在本文中,企业家活动的配置决定了一个经济的R&D投入水平,技术水平和经济增长率。不同经济活动的报酬结构决定了企业家活动的配置,而且报酬结构是内生的,并且存在历史依赖性。本文的突破包括两个方面:一是把企业家活动的配置引入宏观的分析中,考察了企业家活动的配置对宏观总量的影响;二是把企业家活动的配置对经济活动影响的一般性分析引入创新活动分析中,考察了企业家活动的配置、相对报酬结构与技术创新水平之间的动态关系。本文的政策含义是,要提高经济中R&D投入水平,进而提高技术创新水平以及经济增长率,就必须通过政治、经济、法律和文化制度创新,营造激励创新的报酬结构,促使企业家更多地从事生产性的创新活动,经济才能打破低水平均衡陷阱,趋向较发达的均衡。本文对我国实施自主创新的国家战略具有重要的政策含义。

Innovation, Allocation of Entrepreneurial Activities and Long Run Economic Growth

Based on the idea of Schumpeter's entrepreneurship, this paper introduces allocation of entrepreneurial activities into endogenous technological innovation models. This paper points out the allocation of entrepreneurial activities determines the cross-country difference in R&D input level, technological level and growth rates. In this paper, the reward structure of different economic activities determines the allocation of entrepreneurial activities, and the reward structure is endogenous and history-dependent. Therefore, in order to increase R&D input level, technological level and growth rate, we must provide incentive for more productive innovative activities through political, economic, legal and cultural institutional arrangement, so that the economy can break the trap of low-income equilibrium and move to a developed equilibrium. This paper has two contributions: one is introduce the allocation of entrepreneurial activities into endogenous growth model, provides an explanation for the cross-country difference in R&D input level, technological level and growth rates. The other focuses the effect of the allocation of entrepreneurial activities on innovative activities, and examines the dynamic relation among the allocation of entrepreneurial activities, relative reward structure and technological innovation level. This paper has important policy implication for the National Strategies of Autonomous Innovation.