困境与回应：罗尔斯对“原初状态”理论的修正

＂原初状态＂理论既是罗尔斯正义理论的逻辑起点,又是罗尔斯正义原则的论证方法,其要素包括选项预设、信息预设、主体预设、环境预设、心理预设五个方面。虽然罗尔斯的正义理论行文结构严谨,论证审慎小心,结论豁达易行,但他的＂原初状态＂理论同样受到＂社群主义＂和＂自由主义＂的批判。前者批评的焦点集中在契约各方——主体的假设上,后者则集中在社会合作必要性、可能性和利益性方面。出于对以上批评的回应,罗尔斯对＂原初状态＂理论的三个方面即理论适用范围、社会特征、契约主体作了认真的修正,以期进一步增强理论的说服力。

The Plight and Response：Rawls＇ Amendment to the ＂Original Position＂ Theory

The ＂original position＂ theory is not only the logical starting point of Rawls＇theory of justice,but also the demonstration method of principle of justice.It concluds five aspects that is pre-designed options,pre-designed information,pre-designed subject,pre-designed environment,pre-designed psychology.Rawls＇theory of justice is strict and feasible,but it still receives critic remark from the Communitarianism and the Liberalism.The former＇s critic focuses on pre-designed options,The latter＇s critic pay attention to the necessity of social cooperation,the possibility of social cooperation and the benefit of social cooperation.As response to the above critic,Rawls amend three aspects of the ＂original position＂ theory,these are range of theory application,social characteristic and contract subject.