石油石化企业实施寿命周期费用采购的制约因素和对策建议

设备全寿命周期费用（LCC）理论在欧美国家已得到推广应用，取得了很好的效果。中国的相关机构和学者正在对LCC进行理论研究和实践推广。中国的石油石化企业推行LCC采购在企业发展、采购目标管理和经济效益方面都有很大意义。LCC采购涉及的主要内容包括：谈判／招标中对LCC的要求，综合权衡以实现总体最优，动态计算LCC，以定量为主的评价指标，互动交流以优化方案，合同中对LCC的保障条款等。制约LCC在中国石油石化企业深入应用的因素有：相关法规中没有对于LCC的规定，购置资金与使用维修费用分离，缺乏有效的设备成本信息积累，难以准确预测设备经济寿命和各项成本等。建议从宣传普及LCC知识、建立LCC信息数据库、培养人才、从试点开始渐进推广、适当强制等方面，推进LCC采购在石油石化企业的实施和深入应用。

Suggestions and c onstraints in implementing Life-Cycle Cost procurement by petroleum and petrochemical enterprises

Equipment Life Cycle Costing(LCC)theory has been widely applied in the US and Europe and produced desirable results.Associated Chinese institutions and scholars are studying LCC theory and promoting its implementation.Implementation of LCC-based procurement by Chinese petroleum and petrochemical enterprises can be a major contributor to enterprise development,to management of procurement objectives,and of economic benefit.LCC-based procurement mainly includes:determining negotiation/bidding requirements,comprehensive analysis to determine an aggregate optimum,dynamic calculation for LCC for quantitative evaluation purposes,interactive communication to determine an optimum tradeoff,and clauses basing contracts on LCC.Constraints on in-depth application of LCC by Chinese petroleum and petrochemical enterprises include:absence of provisions on LCC in associated laws and regulations,separation of capital expenditure and operation&maintenance expense,lack of cumulative effective equipment cost information,difficulty in accurately predicting the economic life of equipment and associated cost.In-depth implementation of LCC-based procurement by petroleum and petrochemical enterprises should be promoted by spreading knowledge of LCC,establishing an LCC database,training associated personnel,progressively promoting LCC starting from pilots,and enforcing the use of LCC where appropriate.