遗产概念的发展与当代世界和中国的遗产保护体系

遗产保护目前已经引起世界性的重视,遗产概念也在不断发展和深化。从横向来说,遗产可以分为自然遗产、(物质性)文化遗产和非物质文化遗产3类,且从仅保护单一要素遗产向同时注重保护多要素集成遗产,从仅保护有形的、可触摸的、物质形态的自然和文化遗产发展到对无形的、不可触摸的所谓非物质类文化遗产和文化景观、历史环境等的保护;从纵向而言,则依次还可区分出社区的、国家的乃至世界的遗产,并以社区层面的遗产最为脆弱,最易忽视和破坏。在此基础上,文章介绍了目前世界上遗产保护的整体框架,对中国当代的遗产保护体系进行了归纳和说明,并就如何真正落实遗产保护提出一些思考。

ON THE CONCEPT OF HERITAGE AND THE SYSTEM OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD AND CHINA

Both world and China have put great emphases on the heritage conversation,and the concept of heritage has also developed,both expanding and deepening.Heritage can be divided into natural heritage,(tangible) cultural heritage and intangible heritage from the horizontal perspective,and community's heritage,national heritage and world's heritage from the vertical perspective.On the basis of these analyses,this paper generalizes the system of heritage conversation in contemporary world and China,and puts forwards some thoughts and suggestions on China's heritage conversation.