地理学视角下社区参与旅游扶贫的空间效应与机理

在系统梳理社区参与和旅游扶贫相关研究成果的基础上,本文基于地理学视角,从“空间生产”“空间关联”和“空间正义的重构与消解”3个维度,构建社区参与旅游扶贫空间效应的分析框架,以审视旅游发展过程中社区与背景区域间的空间互动关系。研究认为：旅游活动在贫困社区中的介入过程,是社区经济、社会、文化等空间的演化过程;社区在参与旅游扶贫过程中具有空间生产和空间关联的属性;社区参与旅游扶贫空间效应的机理表征为“尺度机理”和“互动机理”;社区与背景区域因空间生产而产生互动,彰显旅游扶贫的空间关联效应,并通过空间生产和空间关联重塑社区及其背景区域间的空间正义格局。相关探讨可以拓展乡村旅游扶贫开发影响研究,深化对社区参与旅游过程及其作用机理的认识,对于新时期巩固脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴战略背景下社区旅游发展具有现实意义。

Research on the spatial effect and mechanism of community participation in tourism poverty alleviation from the perspective of geography

Based on a systematic review of the relevant research on community participation and tourism poverty alleviation, this paper constructs an analytical framework of the spatial effect of community participation in tourism poverty alleviation from the perspective of geography. This paper examines the spatial interaction between communities and background region at different stages of tourism development from three dimensions: spatial production, spatial correlation, and reconstruction and dissolution of spatial justice. The results show that: the introduction of tourism in poor communities encourages the evolution of community economy, society, and culture. "Community" has the attributes of spatial production and spatial correlation in the process of alleviating poverty via tourism. "Scale mechanism" and "interactive mechanism" are shown as the mechanism of the spatial effect of community participation in tourism poverty alleviation. Spatial production promotes the interaction between community and background area, which highlights the spatial correlation effect of tourism poverty alleviation. Spatial justice between community and its background area is reshaped through spatial production and spatial correlation. Such relevant discussion can expand the research on the impact of tourism poverty alleviation and development, deepen the understanding of the process and mechanism of community participation in tourism, and has practical significance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation, and promoting the development of community tourism in the context of Rural Revitalization Strategy in the new era.