注意力配置与企业出口产品技术含量——来自中国加入3G网络的证据

文章基于2006-2013年中国工业企业数据库、海关数据库和百度指数数据库,借助2009年中国加入3G网络这一外生政策冲击构造准自然实验,采用双重差分法评估注意力配置对企业出口产品技术含量的因果效应。研究发现：（1）注意力配置对企业出口产品技术含量产生了显著的促进作用,即使考虑了识别假设条件和一系列其他可能干扰估计结果的因素后这一结论依旧稳健。（2）从影响机制看,注意力配置会通过提高企业创新效率、降低企业信息搜索成本来促进企业出口产品技术含量的提升。（3）从企业、行业以及国家异质性看,注意力配置更容易促进一般贸易型、高技术产品行业以及面向发达国家出口企业的出口技术含量提升。文章的结论为我国进一步扩大无形市场开放、提高企业出口产品技术含量提供了经验证据。

Attention Allocation and Firms' Export Technology Content: Evidence from China's Entry into 3G Network

Forty years of reform and opening up, the technological content of China's export products has increased significantly. A natural question is what factors have led to the increase in the technological content of our export products? Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a wealth of discussions, but few documents explain it from the perspective of intangible resources. With the increase in the technical content of export products, my country has adopted 1G mobile technology since the 1980s. By 2019, the application of 5G mobile technology and the continuous upgrading of China Mobile Internet technology have greatly shortened the distance between China and the world economy. The degree of attention of economic entities to the world economy has increased substantially. According to the Baidu Index database, the average annual search index for 220 countries rose from 58079 in 2006 to 507386 in 2020. It also confirms from the side that the attention allocation of Chinese economic entities is becoming increasingly international and global. Then, does the synchronization between the increase in the technological content of China's export products and the substantial increase in the allocation of attention by Chinese economic entities to the world economy indicate an inevitable connection between the two? This article aims to study the above-mentioned issues. These experience summaries have important reference significance for further opening up and promoting high-quality trade development. This paper is based on the 2006-2013 China Industrial Enterprise Database, Customs Database andBaidu Index Database. With the aid of China's accession to the 3G network in 2009, the article uses the difference in differences method to evaluate the causal effect of attention allocation on the technological content of enterprises' exports. The study found that:(1) Attention allocation has a significant promotion effect on the export technology content of enterprises, even after considering the identification assumptions and a series of other factors that may interfere with the estimation results, this conclusion is still stable. (2) From the perspective of influence mechanism, attention allocation will promote the improvement of enterprise export technology content by improving enterprise innovation efficiency and reducing enterprise information search cost. (3) From the perspective of the heterogeneity of enterprises, industries, and countries, attention allocation is easier to promote the increase of the export technology content of general trade-oriented, high-tech product industries, and export enterprises for developed countries. The conclusion of the article provides empirical evidence for further expanding the opening of the invisible market and improving the technological content of enterprise export products. Compared with the existing literature, the marginal contributions of this article are as follows:(1) In terms of research methods, with the aid of the exogenous policy impact of China's accession to the 3G network in 2009, the quasi-natural experiment is constructed, and the double difference method is used to identify attention allocation and enterprise export products The relationship between technology content can better solve the endogenous problems that may exist in the research; (2) From the perspective of research, this article examines the impact of attention configuration on enterprise export product technology from the perspective of attention configuration, an "intangible" resource. The influence of content can provide a new explanation for the improvement of the technological content of enterprise export products under the framework of an open economy. (3) In terms of influence mechanism, from the perspectives of enterprise innovation efficiency and enterprise information search cost, we examine the influence mechanism of attention allocation on the technical content of enterprise export products, and strive to expand the mechanism research on the technical content of enterprise export products.