构建城乡人口双向流动与融合的制度保障体系——从权利开放理论到村庄开放实践的分析线索

现有文献多关注以城市为主导的人口双向流动与融合，而研究以乡村发展为目标的双向流动与融合却付之阙如。改革开放以来，农村居民向城市的流动与融入经历了从小范围、小规模的就地、就近为主向大范围、大规模的跨省、跨区域为主的历史转变，农村居民的迁徙权和居住权也呈现出从权利限制向权利开放的转变趋势。不过，当前城乡之间的人口流动依然是农村居民从乡村到城市的单向流动与融入为主，城市居民流向乡村并融入乡村的相对较少，且主要表现为人才下乡、资本下乡和市民下乡。为了深入推进以乡村发展为目标的城乡人口的双向流动与融合，未来有必要促进乡村从打开进城渠道向全面开放村庄转变，深化农村户籍制度改革、农村土地制度改革、农业经营制度改革和乡村建设制度改革，推动进城农民市民化、下乡市民村民化、农业经营职业化和乡村经营市场化，让乡村出得去、进得来、留得住，并成为各类主体创业的大舞台。

Establish An Institutional Guarantee System for Two-way Flow and Integration of Urban and Rural Population: Analytical Clues from the Theory of Open Rights to the Practice of Village Openness

Existing literature mostly focuses on the two-way flow and integration dominated by the city, but the research on the rural development oriented two-way flow and integration is not available. Since the reform and opening up, the migration and integration of rural residents into cities have undergone a historical change from small-scale, small-scale local and nearby mobility to large-scale, large-scale inter-provincial and inter-regional mobility. And, the rights of migration and residence of rural residents have also shown a shift from limited rights to open rights. However, the current population flow between urban and rural areas is still dominated by the one-way flow and integration of rural residents from the countryside to the city. The flow of urban residents to the countryside and integration into the countryside is relatively small, and the principal manifestations are talents, capital, and citizens going to the countryside. In order to further promote the rural development oriented two-way flow and integration, it is necessary to promote the transformation of the village from opening channels into the city to the fully opening the village in the future, deepen the reform of the rural household registration system, the reform of the rural land system, the reform of the agricultural management system and the reform of rural construction system, and promote the citizenization of rural residents, the villagerization of urban residents, the professionalization of agricultural operation and the market-oriented rural operation that make the countryside be able to go out, come in, and retain, and become a big stage for all kinds of entities to start their own businesses.