以县域为中心的乡村振兴：城乡关系演变与县域经济发展

乡村生产要素通过流动实现集聚是提升生产分工规模和生产效率的重要途径，但要素过度流失不利于乡村自身的发展。新中国成立以前，"乡-城"生产要素流动规模较小；新中国成立后改革开放前，在重工业发展战略下乡村生产要素被约束流动；改革开放以来，"乡-城"生产要素单向流动趋于加速；党的十九大开启了乡村振兴新篇章，致力于改变乡村要素单向外流的局面。近代以来，立足于乡村且突破村庄社区规模的分工生产和集聚性生产没有大范围发展起来，乡村对生产要素的吸引力不强。新中国的综合发展成就为发展现代化的乡村集聚经济创造了有利条件，探索在县域层面整合资源和集聚要素是振兴乡村和构建新型城乡关系的重要方向。

County Centered Rural Revitalization: Evolution of Urban-rural Relationship and County Economic Development

It is of essential meaning to improve the division of labor and production efficiency that rural production factors gather in cities, but over out flow of factors is not conducive to the development of rural itself. Before the founding of new China, the scale of factor flow from villages to cities was relatively small. After the founding of new China, before the reform and opening up, under the heavy industry development strategy, rural production factors were constrained in villages. Since the reform and opening up, one-way flow of production factors from villages to cities tends to accelerate. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has started the process of rural revitalization, which aims at changing the one-way flow mode of rural production factors. Since modern times, the division of labor and production factors agglomeration in rural areas has not significantly developed, and the ability of rural areas for the attraction of production factors is not strong. The comprehensive development achievements of new China have created favorable conditions for the development of modern rural agglomeration economy. Reasonable and appropriate exploration of the integration of resources and agglomeration factors at the county level is an important direction for the rural revitalization and the construction of a new type of urban-rural relationship.