旅游者对海岛人口活力的影响——以长海县为例

海岛人口外流现象严峻,导致海岛发展陷入低迷。对于旅游型海岛而言,随着海岛旅游蓬勃发展,旅游者涉入将为海岛增添活力。本文将旅游者滞留时间融入到目的地社会时间系统中,提出旅游人口数与目的地社会年龄的概念与公式。以长海县为例,采用2006—2018年统计数据与2019年调查问卷数据,定量分析旅游者对海岛人口活力的影响。结果表明：（1）旅游人口作为短期流动人口,对旅游目的地人口活力具有明显影响。不仅有助于扩大目的地人口规模,还会暂时改变目的地年龄结构。此外,旅游者登岛后海岛人口活力空间范围更大。（2）将旅游人口考虑在内的目的地社会年龄是旅游目的地人口活力的衡量指标,据此可定量研究旅游者对目的地人口活力的影响,为人口活力研究提出可度量的逻辑途径。（3）一方面,旅游者是海岛人口的实际构成部分,旅游者与海岛居民共同构成海岛人口活力。同时,岛外旅游者个体行为、价值观、生活方式等与当地岛民文化的碰撞过程中,增强海岛人口的精神活力;另一方面,旅游者通过消费活动产生的旅游收入为海岛建设做出贡献,吸引新的旅游者、年轻海岛居民、外来务工人员登岛,间接提升海岛人口活力。

The impact of tourists on the vitality of island population: A case study of Changhai County

Compared with the mainland, islands are relatively closed. Islanders, especially young adults, tend to leave the islands in search of better life and development opportunities, as well as to solve children’s education problems. The population outflow phenomenon has become more and more severe, leading to an aging population on the islands. Most of the left-behind population on the islands is the elderly whose living needs are low, which is not beneficial to the economic development of the islands and results in the lack of vitality of the island development. Due to the attractive tourist islands’ unique tourism resources to the mainland population, a large number of tourists are attracted every summer. With the vigorous development of island tourism, tourists have added vitality to the island. This paper integrates the residence time of tourists into the time system of destination society and proposes the concept and evaluation formula of tourist population and the age of the destination society. Case study was adopted and Changhai County was selected. Based on the current situation of the island’s population vitality, this study used statistical data and questionnaire data to quantitatively analyze the impact of tourists on the island’s vitality. Results show that: (1) As a short-term population that fluctuates, tourist population has a significant impact on the vitality of the tourist destination population. It not only helps expand the population size of the destination but also temporarily changes the age structure of the destination. In addition, after tourists landing on the island, the population vitality of the island has a larger scope. (2) Social age of the destination that takes the tourist population into account is a measure of the population vitality of the tourist destination. Based on this, the influence of tourists on the population vitality of the destination can be quantitatively studied. Also, a measurable logical approach to population vitality research can be put forward. (3) On the one hand, tourists are the actual part of island population, and tourists and island residents together constitute the vitality of the island population. At the same time, the collision of individual behaviors, values, and lifestyles of off-island tourists with the local islander culture enhances the spiritual vitality of the island population. On the other hand, tourism income generated by tourists through consumption activities contributes to the construction of the island, attracting new tourists, young island residents, and migrant workers to the island, which indirectly enhances the vitality of the island population.