改革开放以来金融风险的本质特征及防控启示——兼论中国共产党领导下的防控金融风险探索与实践

改革开放以来,立足于"新兴+转轨"的基本经济特征,中国的金融风险既表现出转轨经济条件下特有的风险特征,又表现出新兴市场经济的典型风险特征。中国防范化解金融风险始终与自身经济增长、金融发展之间进行统筹兼顾,先后经历了社会主义市场经济培育探索、快速成长、加速开放以及高质量发展四个阶段。历史地看,各个阶段的防控实践留下重要启示：（1）坚守底线、理性务实的风险思维是防控金融风险的重要法宝;（2）维护中央金融集权主导与地方适当分权的辩证统一;（3）尊重实体经济以及金融业的客观发展规律,严防脱实向虚;（4）金融监管体系须在平衡金融创新与金融风险之间与时俱进;（5）坚持中国共产党的全面领导,不断推进马克思主义的中国化时代化,是实现上述四点的根本政治保障。

The Essential Characteristics of China's Financial Risk Since the Reform and Opening Up and Its Prevention and Control Enlightenment: Exploration and Practice Under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China

Since the reform and opening up, based on the key economic characteristics of "emerging+transition", China's financial risk shows not only the unique risk characteristics under the conditions of transition economy, but also the typical risk characteristics of emerging market economy. China has always made overall consideration between preventing and resolving financial risks and its own economic growth and financial development. It has experienced four stages of socialist market economy cultivation and exploration, rapid growth, accelerated opening up and high-quality development. From the perspective of history, the prevention and control practice in various stages has left important enlightenment:(1) Sticking to the bottom line, rational and pragmatic risk thinking is an important weapon to prevent and control financial risks, (2) Maintaining the dialectical unity of centralization of financial power and proper decentralization of local power, (3) We should respect the objective development law of the real economy and the financial industry, and strictly prevent the transition from the real economy to the virtual economy, (4) The financial supervision system should keep pace with the times in balancing financial innovation and financial risk, (5) Adhering to the overall leadership of the Communist Party of China and constantly promoting the Sinicization and modernization of Marxism are the fundamental political guarantee to realize the above four points.