论中国城市偏向的社会保障制度与城乡居民收入差距

中国城乡居民收入差距的形成与扩大和城市偏向的社会保障制度密切相关.城市偏向的社会保障制度反映在社会保障的模式、管理体制、覆盖面和水平等方面.这种城市偏向的社会保障制度增加了城镇居民的隐性收入,降低了农民抑制因灾致贫的能力,降低了农业劳动生产率,阻碍了计划生育政策的实施和农村劳动力素质的提高,从而最终导致了城乡居民收入差距的扩大.要缩小城乡居民收入差距,就必须改变城市偏向的社会保障制度,逐步建立城乡一体的社会保障制度.

On the Social Security System Partial to Urban Areas and the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in China

The formation and enlargement of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China are closely related with the social security system which is partial to the urban areas.The biased social security system is reflected in aspects such as its mode,management system,coverage and level.The biased social security system has increased the income of urban residents in an invisible way,reduced rural residents' capacity of controlling the poverty caused by disasters,lowered the agricultural labor productivity,and also restrained the implementing of the family-planning policy and the enhancing of the qualities of the rural labor force,and has therefore,resulted in the enlargement of the income gap between the urban and the rural residents.In order to narrow this gap,the social security system which is partial to the urban areas should be changed,and one characterized by the integration of urban and rural areas should be gradually established.