集聚密度与城市全要素生产率差异——来自中国地级城市面板数据的证据

考虑集聚外部性对城市经济增长的影响,本文对我国285个地级市及以上城市1990～2008年间的城市全要素生产率进行测算和分解。生产过程中的技术进步、技术效率提高是我国城市生产率提高的主要因素,而与集聚外部性紧密相关的要素配置效率和规模效率仍是制约生产率增长的主要原因。城市经济密度对城市经济增长存在两种不同的影响途径:制造业在市辖区内的空间集聚体现为"拥挤"效应;人口空间密度则对地方产出的影响存在倒U型特征。人口因素仍然是我国城市经济增长的重要驱动因素,人口与制造业的空间"共聚"现象对城市产出有着显著为正的影响。

Economic Agglomeration Density and Urban Total Factor Productivity:

Considering the externalities influence on metropolitan economic development,this paper estimates and de-composites 285 metropolitan cities Total Factor Productivity(TFP) from year 1990 to 2008.We find that technical progress and technical efficiency improvements are the major determinants of urban TFP growth,while the agglomeration externality factors,such as factor allocation efficiency and scale efficiency are major hindrances for TFP.Urban economic density has two opposition influences on urban TFP:manufacturing spatial agglomeration reduces urban TFP,high distribution of industrial firms has "congestion" effects;population spatial density has inverse-U shape effect on urban TFP growth.Population factor is still the driving factor for Chinese urban TFP growth,and population-manufacturing's spatial "co-agglomeration" phenomena has positive effect in our study.