马来西亚粮食安全政策及其启示

依据比较优势原则，马来西亚政府主张大力发展农业经济作物、依靠国际市场进口粮食，同时由国家稻米公司完成国家粮食储备职责。在2007--2008年的世界粮食危机中，马来西亚罕见地发生大米抢购、示威游行，而同是亚洲粮食纯进口国的日本和韩国却没有受到冲击。通过比较分析得出结论，马来西亚需重新考量其粮食安全政策，应该提高大米自给率；并结合马来西亚的经济现实情况，建议加大农业投资尤其是稻米研发的投资；最后质疑国家粮食储备职责由企业承担的合理性，认为政府应该建立国家粮食储备。

The Food Security Policies in Malaysia and Its Enlightenments to China

According to the principle of comparative advantage,Malaysia government used to put most agri- cultural investment in economic crops and import the food they need from the international market. Meanwhile, BERNAS takes the charge of national grain reserves. During the 2007-2008 food crisis,there were panic pur- chases of rice and demonstrations,which rarely happened in the Malaysian history,while both Japan and Korea, countries dependent on sheer food import,suffered few shocks. From the comparative analysis,it is found that the food security policies in Malaysia must be re-considered and that the rice self-sufficient rate must be increased. The government should also,according to its current economic situation,increase investment in rice research and production,and should establish the state-owned grain reserves system rather than corporations＇ reserves.