粤港澳大湾区都市圈高速铁路供给机制与效率评估——以深惠汕捷运为例

随着粤港澳大湾区上升为国家战略,都市圈层面交通需求日益增加。都市圈高速铁路规划建设能促进城际社会经济联系,推动空间一体化。在交通强国背景下,如何创新都市圈跨市高速铁路供给模式,实施有效的治理体制,提升运营效率成为跨政区合作的焦点。在粤港澳大湾区,通过地方政府间合作,利用国家主导投资的高速铁路基础设施新增都市圈高铁服务——深惠汕捷运,成为都市圈高速铁路供给的新模式。深惠汕捷运是在厦深铁路的基础上增设区间服务,主要服务粤港澳大湾区深莞惠都市圈的跨市交通需求。为此,以深惠汕捷运为例,系统研究这种新模式的融资过程、治理机制与运营效率,有助于理解都市圈层面高速铁路供给机制。研究表明,深惠汕捷运的本质是地方政府联合向国家购买高速铁路服务,呈现较高的融资和运营效率,其顺利实施建立在跨市交通需求增长、上级政府有效干预、地方政府间高效协商和成本共享等方面,这能为其他都市圈创新高速铁路供给提供新思路。

Metropolitan High-Speed Rail Supply and Its Efficiency in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:Case of Shenzhen-Huizhou-Shanwei

The demand for metropolitan passenger mobility is increasing as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area becomes a national strategy.Inter-city transit in the metropolitan area have positive effects on promoting spatial integration and stimulating regional growth.How to speed up the supply of inter-city rail transit and formulate effective governance at the metropolitan area has become the focus of inter-governmental cooperation.Recently,to use the national high-speed rail(HSR)as a solution for metropolitan mobility is becoming a new regional supply model.However,the investment,governance,and operation efficiency of this innovative model still lack a systematic study.This paper uses the Shenzhen-Huizhou-Shanwei HSR(Shenshan HSR)at the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou Metropolitan Area as a case to understand the investment,governance,and financing and operating efficiency of this mode.The findings include that 1)the operation of Shenshan HSR reflects the joint efforts by local governments to purchase the national railway services from the China Railways Corporation;2)Shenshan HSR has relatively high funding and operating efficiency;3)several factors account for the success of the Shenshan HSR,including the rapid growth of metropolitan passenger mobility,the effective interventions from the upper-level government,and effective negotiations among different levels of government.The Shenshan HSR can provide several useful implications for local governments to accommodate the increased regional passenger mobility.