集聚经济与基于价值链的企业区位选择——重新发现内部集聚经济

以往集聚经济的研究多集中在以专业化、多样化等为核心的外部集聚经济,对内部集聚经济关注不足。而在"多部门企业(Multi-unit firms)"组织方式背景下,单一企业的规模经济逐渐扩展为同一集团下属企业由于共同区位带来的内部集聚经济,重新发现内部集聚经济益发重要。文章旨在以华东地区整车集团新成立企业的区位选择为例,分析内部集聚经济对企业区位选择的影响。研究发现:整车集团在某区域的从业人员总数每增加1%,该集团在该地设立下属企业的概率提升0.818%。纳入集团的初始位置、在投资地的投资时长和本地竞争等因素后,内部集聚经济的影响作用依然稳健。集团企业在同一价值链环节内部和不同价值链环节之间均会发生共同集聚。另外,加入内部集聚经济因素后,没有找到外部集聚经济稳健地影响企业区位选择的证据。

Agglomeration Economies and Location Choices through the Value Chain:Rediscover the Internal Agglomeration Economies

In the context of the"Multi-unit firm"organization,the focus of the internal agglomeration economies have expanded from the scale economies to the agglomeration of subsidiaries of the same group.However,the above phenomenon cannot be observed in the study of external agglomeration economies centered on specialization and diversification.Therefore,it is necessary to rediscover the influence of the internal agglomeration economies.Taking the location choices of newly established enterprises in the East China Vehicle Group as an example,the impact of different types of agglomeration economies on the location choice of enterprises were analyzed.The study found that a 1%increase in the size of the entire vehicle group in a city would increase the probability of the group’s establishment of a new business in the city by 0.818%.After joining the internal agglomeration economic factors,the influence of the external agglomeration economies on the location choice of enterprises is not robust.Group companies will co-aggregate within the same value chain and between different value chain links.After including the initial position of the group,the investment duration of the investment location and local competition,the influence of the internal agglomeration economies remain robust.