传媒产制的“第三部门”：北美和澳大利亚社区媒体的实践、制度及民主价值

本文概述和解释了北美和澳大利亚的社区媒体状况，包括其多元形态和角色、抗争和合法化的历史、政策基础、背后的哲学理念，以及在这些社会所赋予的民主角色及其现实表现，并讨论围绕它所产生的相关学术论辩及在当今时代的趋势、困境和启示，主要集中在广播和电视两种媒体。本文的目的是帮助理解，在传统的“公共”和“商业”之外的第三种媒个产制模式在西方社会究竟是如何运作，并如何发生其社会作用，它对于中国的传媒改革可以提供哪些启示。本文同时也希望对变迁时代的中国公民社会的研究和实践提供启示，讨论公民社会作为传播主体可以如何发挥其传播力量，以丰富现有的社会与政治话语，服务地方性社区和居于弱势的社群的传播需要，推动社会正义，进而实现其民主价值，这在当代中国可能同样具有现实意义。

The "Third Sector" in Communication: The Practice, Institution and Democratic Value of Community Media in North America and Australia

The task of this paper is to describe and explain the phenomena of community media in three developed countries, namely the US, Canada and Australia. While tracing their history of fighting to legitimize themselves,the paper discusses the many forms that community media take and the democratic roles they play in these societies. By focusing on the two electronic forms of community media, community Radio and TV, the paper also examines the policy rules based on which community media developed, explicates the scholarly controversy aroundit, and analyses their future trends, The paper aims to help students in media study and media reform in China to get to know how this non-mainstream system of media production works and makes its contribution to societies in these western countries. The paper also takes it as objective to promote new perspective of civil society in contemporary China by looking at its communication power. Community media could fulfill their democratic value by enriching social and political discourse and by serving the communication needs of local or underprivileged social groups.