政策性农业保险的国际借鉴:制度演进与操作范式

美国政府为保障农业生产顺利进行而建立的政策性农业保险制度,历经了政府运作到商业运作的模式变革。现阶段政策性农业保险实行契约基础上的监管和授权机制下的竞争相结合的运行机制,通过保费补贴降低农场主的逆选择,同时以经营费用补贴和风险共担体系保障政策性农业保险的适度盈利性和保险公司参与经营的积极性。中国政策性农业保险可借鉴美国经验,在制度优化方向上重点关注政府角色定位、制度供给及巨灾风险分担职能;着重推进保险公司业务创新、费率厘定技术改进和风险保障程度提高等工作。

International Experience of Policy-oriented Agricultural Insurance:Institutional Evolution and Operation

In order to protect the agricultural industry the U.S.,government has built up the policy-oriented agricultural institution and its operation mode has changed from "government operation" to "business operation".Now it has been regulated by contracts and built up competition by authorization mechanism.Premium subsidy has been used to eliminate adverse selection,at the same time subsidy for overhead expenses and risk share system are good methods to make sure that this insurance is profitable and to keep the insurance companies’ motivation to participate.There are some significant experiences which can be learnt from the U.S.federal policy-oriented agricultural insurance,such as the government’s role orientation,institution supply and catastrophe management;in micro-perspective the insurance companies need to carry out the business innovation,to improve the rating technology and to raise the risk protection level.