食品价格上涨对城镇家庭消费与福利影响研究——基于EASI模型

文章基于与2015年度诺贝尔经济学奖得主迪顿的接近理想需求系统 AIDS 来源相同的EASI需求系统 ,采用CHNS调查数据 ,运用 EASI需求系统实证分析了各类食品价格上涨对不同收入等级城镇家庭消费与福利的影响 ,并比较了收入补贴与价格补贴的经济效果.研究发现:(1)我国城镇居民动物性食品消费支出占食品总支出的比重最大 ,其次是粮食和蔬菜 ,城镇居民的食品消费结构为"动物性食品+粮食+蔬菜" ,这说明动物性食品价格上涨对我国城镇居民日常膳食消费的影响相对较大.(2)粮食价格对困难户和最低收入家庭的福利影响最大 ,动物性食品价格对较低收入家庭的福利影响最大.(3)对低收入家庭而言 ,当动物性食品价格上涨时 ,收入补贴政策的效果优于价格补贴政策 ;当粮食价格上涨时 ,价格补贴政策的效果优于收入补贴政策.文章最后从生产、补贴政策和分配制度的角度提出了政策建议.

The Effects of the Increase in Food Prices on Urban Households'Consumption and Welfare:Based on EASI Model

Based on EASI demand system which shares the same origin with the 2015 Nobel Prize owner Deaton's AIDS ,this paper employs CHNS data and EASI demand sys-tem to empirically analyze the effects of the increase in food prices on consumption and welfare of urban households at different income levels ,and compares the different effects of income-based subsidies and price-based .It comes to the results as follows :firstly ,the ani-mal food expenditure of urban residents accounts for the largest proportion of total food expenditure ,followed by grain and vegetables ,and the food consumption structure of urban residents is composed of animal food ,grain and vegetables ,showing that the increase in an-imal food prices has relatively greater effect on daily diet consumption of urban residents ;secondly ,food prices have the greatest effects on the welfare of poor households and fami-lies with the lowest income ,and the prices of animal food have the greatest effect on the welfare of families with lower income ;thirdly ,as for families with low income ,when the prices of animal food increase ,the effect of income-based subsidy policy is superior to the one of price-based subsidy policy ;when the food prices increase ,the effect of price-based subsidy policy is superior to the one of income-based subsidy policy. It finally provides poli-cy suggestions from the perspectives of production ,subsidy policy and distribution system .