外商在华零售投资:新趋势及对若干争议的新解

2008年以来,外商在我国零售业的投资在规模和空间布局等方面呈现出新的特点和动向,引发了业界关于外资迅速扩张是否会造成零售业被外资控制、外资企业是否会抢占内资零售业优势资源等争议性话题,文章分别使用省际面板数据、地区面板数据、业态面板数据,实证分析了外资扩张对内资零售企业的影响。研究表明,整体而言,外商在我国零售业投资的加速扩张,并没有挤占内资零售企业的优势资源,外资零售企业市场份额的扩大并没有对内资零售企业构成明显的就业挤出效应。内资零售企业在面对外资零售企业迅速扩张以及由此带来的竞争压力时,应着力通过跨地区并购、跨行业并购、自愿连锁、内资并购外资等方式壮大自身规模,实现优势资源的重组,发挥规模效应,同时需要反思内资零售业目前联营模式过多、自营模式过少的弊端,通过提高自采比例、培育自有品牌等方式提升核心竞争力。

FDI in Chinese Retail Industry:Recent Tendencies and New Analysis on Controversial Topics

FDI in Chinese retail industry shows new features and distinguished tendencies on scales and spatial layout,which raises controversial topics as whether the domestic retail industry will be controlled by foreign investors and foreign invested enterprises grab native enterprises’ advantageous resources or not.The paper tries to re-analyze these controversial topics through econometric methods with using provincial panel data,regional panel data and industrial panel data respectively.The conclusion is that the rapid expansion of FDI in Chinese retail industry does not acquire domestic enterprises’ advantageous resources and have no significant crowding-out effect on domestic enterprises’ employment.Facing with the rapid expansion of foreign retail enterprises and the competition pressure brought by that,our domestic retail enterprises should increase their scale,reorganize their advantageous resources,give play to the role of scale effect,review their drawbacks and improve their core competitiveness.