环境规制、科技创新与新型城镇化

新时代中国新型城镇化的进程同时也是科技创新与绿色发展的过程。现有关于生态文明建设中城镇化发展的研究,更多是关注环境规制对城镇化建设的影响,而忽略了环境规制基础上推动新型城镇化发展的关键是科技创新。本文运用熵值法测算了2003-2018年中国省域新型城镇化建设水平,并基于动态面板模型和面板门槛模型,检验了环境规制、科技创新对新型城镇化建设水平的影响。研究表明:第一,在不考虑科技创新时,环境规制与新型城镇化建设水平存在显著的"U"型关系,即先抑制、后促进。第二,当科技创新的方式侧重于末端治理,即为治污技术创新时,环境规制对新型城镇化建设水平的影响为先抑制、后促进;当科技创新的方式侧重于过程治理,即为生产技术创新时,环境规制与新型城镇化建设水平之间不再呈现"U"型关系,环境规制对新型城镇化建设水平始终为促进作用。第三,环境规制对新型城镇化建设水平提升存在单门槛效应,治污科技创新和生产科技创新在环境规制力度不同的情况下,对新型城镇化建设水平的提升作用存在差异。生产科技创新对新型城镇化建设的促进作用更加稳定和显著;而治污科技创新作用的发挥必须以环境规制的强度达到一定强度为前提。基于以上研究,本文认为,我国新型城镇化建设过程中,要密切关注环境规制和科技创新对新型城镇化的促进和推动作用。

Environmental Regulation,Technological Innovation and New-type Urbanization

The process of China’s new-type urbanization in the new era is also a process of technological innovation and green development.The existing studies on the development of urbanization in the construction of ecological civilization focus more on the impact of environmental regulations on urbanization,while ignoring that the key to promote the development of new-type urbanization on the basis of environmental regulations is technological innovation.This paper uses the entropy method to measure the quality of China’s provincial urbanization from 2003 to 2018.Based on the dynamic panel model and the panel threshold model,this paper examines the impact of environmental regulations and technological innovation on new-type urbanization.Studies have shown that,first,when technological innovation is not considered,there is a significant"U"-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and the quality of urbanization,that the environmental regulation first restrains,then promotes new-type urbanization.Second,when the method of technological innovation focuses on end-of-pipe treatment namely technological innovation for pollution control,the impact of environmental regulations on new-type urbanization is first restraint and then promoted.When the method of technological innovation focuses on process governance namely production technology innovation,there is no longer a"U"-shaped relationship between environmental regulations and new-type urbanization.Environmental regulations always promote new-type urbanization.Third,environmental regulations have a single threshold effect on the improvement of urbanization quality.Pollution control technological innovation and production technological innovation have different effects on the improvement of urbanization quality under different environmental regulations.The promotion effect of production technology innovation on new-type urbanization is more stable and significant and the role of pollution control technology innovation must be played on the premise that the intensity of environmental regulation reaches a certain level.Based on the study in this article,we believe that in the process of our country’s new-type urbanization,we must pay close attention to the role of environmental regulation and technological innovation in promoting new-type urbanization.