集体行动的逻辑与可持续发展的困境

个体理性的效率追求是经济活动的动力,但个体理性往往导致集体非理性。本文从个体理性与集体理性概念的相对性出发,探讨个体、地方政府、国家在经济活动中本位利益的追求与可持续发展目标的背离。纯粹的市场效率追求会导致“市场失灵,”政府在解决“市场失灵”时如果无法有效约束个体理性的本位利益追求与政绩偏好,在可持续发展问题上就会出现一定程度的“政府失灵”。在“双重失灵”的情况下,集体行动的逻辑必然导致可持续发展陷入困境。要在个体理性的效率追求与集体理性的“共同信念”中实现可持续发展战略,必须明确政府责任并进行追加性制度投资。

The Logic of Collective Action and Difficult Situation of Sustainable Development

Efficiency goal of individual rational is the motive force of economic development.However,individual rationality often induces collective non-rationality on the issue of sustainable development.This paper explores the issue of the deviation from the goal of sustainable development due to the pursuit of self-interest on the part of the individuality,the local authority,and the state.The practice of seeking complete market efficiency will inevitably cause "market failure".When solving the problem of "market failure",the government may induce "government failure" on the issue of sustainable development if it fails to contain the excessive pursuit of self-interest motivated by individual rationality and by the performance preference of officials.If the "dual failures" occur,the logic of collective action will give rise to the difficult situation of sustainable development.In order to realize the strategy of sustainable development in the co-existence of the efficiency target of individual rationality and "common faith" of collective rationality,we must define clearly governmental responsibility and make additional institutional investment.