药品市场的政府规制:社会福利改进与技术创新效率

对药品市场进行严格的政府规制是世界范围内的一个普遍现象。社会性规制被用来保障药品的质量和安全等,经济性规制则用来控制居民和政府医疗费用支出。在此逻辑下,医疗卫生公平问题被简单地归结为居民用药安全和全社会医疗费用支出的降低,并往往被等同于社会福利的改进。政府规制对企业技术创新的挤出效应在规制的目标和过程中基本被忽略,而技术创新直接影响到创新药品的推陈出新,更长远地关系到人类健康改善和生命延续。政府规制必须兼顾短期社会福利改进与技术创新效率"遗失"所造成的长期社会福利损失,规制影响评价的介入有助于更加科学、合理地进行政府规制。

Government Regulation:Improving of Social Welfare and Efficiency of Technological Innovation

Government regulation on pharmaceutical market is a worldwide phenomenon.Social regulation is to ensure medicine quality and safety while economic regulation is used to control fast growing medical expenditure.Under the circumstances,fairness of health is simply attributed to medication safety and reduction of medical expenditure,which is often applied to social welfare improvement.Crowding-out effect of government regulation on technological innovation is ignored in the regulation goal and process.It is just technology innovation which directly related to innovation of new medicines that longer in relation to human health improvement and the continuation of life.Thus,social welfare loss caused by government regulation in long-term loss is inestimable.Therefore,government regulation must balance short-term social welfare improvement and technology innovation efficiency loss.Intervention of regulatory impact assessment may contribute to a more scientific,reasonable government regulation.