城市创新创业环境有助于企业创新效率提升吗——来自科创板上市公司的经验证据

运用三阶段DEA模型对已注册通过的65家科创板企业创新效率进行测度与评价，然后利用fsQCA方法探讨创新效率提升的前因条件组合。结果表明，我国科创板上市企业创新效率整体表现欠佳，城市创新创业环境中的政策环境、人才环境和金融支持正向促进企业创新效率提升，产业环境和金融中介市场对企业创新效率的提升作用具有不确定性，城市经济发展水平、政府补贴和城市研发环境导致企业创新投入冗余增加，不利于企业创新效率提升；科创板上市企业创新效率实现路径由政策环境主导型和中介市场主导型构成，城市创新环境失衡、产业环境与金融支持缺失是造成部分企业创新效率相对偏低的主要原因。通过系统分析外部环境规制对科创板上市企业创新效率的影响，并基于组态视角解释企业提高创新效率的内在逻辑和路径，为进一步提升我国科创企业创新效率提供决策参考。

Is Urban Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Conducive to the Improvement of Enterprise Innovation Efficiency:Evidence from Listed Companies on STAR Market Board

The establishment of a dual circulation development pattern in which domestic economic cycle plays a leading role while international economic cycle remains its extension and supplement is a major strategic measure for China to respond to the continuous spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resurgence of anti-globalization. Over the past two decades, China has achieved many innovations, but a large part of it is based on the huge demographic dividends, and the pursuit of hard technology innovation still requires continuous and unremitting efforts. Only by relying on independent innovation and breaking through the technical bottleneck issues can the domestic economic cycle be truly unblocked without being controlled by the U.S.. Therefore, how to actively mobilize and make use of the capital market, stabilize social and economic development, and promote continuous innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises is the key to China's sustainable economic growth.#br#This paper aims to measure the innovation efficiency of 65 Chinese enterprises registered on the STAR Market, and summarize the feasible efficiency improvement plans. The three-stage DEA method is used to calculate the innovation efficiency of the listed enterprises on the STAR Market and fsQCA is used for configuration analysis of determinants affecting innovation efficiency. We find the overall performance of innovation efficiency of listed enterprises is poor. The external environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, like policy environment, talent environment and financial support, can promote the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency. While the regional GDP, financial subsidies and R&D are not conducive. The industrial environment and intermediary market are uncertain for the improvement of enterprise innovation efficiency. The realization paths of innovation efficiency of listed enterprises on STAR Market is composed of policy environment leading and intermediary market leading. The imbalance of urban innovation environment and lack of industrial environment and financial supports are the main reasons for low enterprise innovation efficiency. This study systematically analyzes the influences of the external institutional environment on the listed enterprises' innovation efficiency, and explains the internal logic and path for the enterprises to achieve the innovation efficiency from the perspective of configuration. These configurations are verified by the cases of existing listed companies, which can provide practical references for improving the innovation efficiency of scientific and technological enterprises.#br#Our theoretical contributions are mainly shown in the following two aspects. Firstly, we measure the innovation efficiency of listed companies on the STAR Market for the first time, taking full account of the influence of external environment to make the measurement results more accurate. Secondly, in view of the high degree of uncertainty and nonlinearity of causality in the process of enterprise innovation, we make the research results more convincing and explanatory from the perspective of configuration, which makes a certain contribution to the development of enterprise external environment theory.#br#In order to further optimize the allocation of innovation resources and improve innovation efficiency, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions. Firstly, for enterprises dominated by external policy, in-depth research should be made on human resources to accelerate the training of new employees. Secondly, for enterprises dominated by intermediary market, the establishment of a trinity financing system with government support, multi-level capital market and bank interconnection is one of the ways to solve the financing needs of enterprises' innovative development. Thirdly, it is urgent to optimize industrial policies and talent policies for enterprises with unbalanced urban innovation environment, among which tax incentives and talent subsidies are one of the effective ways. Fourthly, for enterprises lacking industrial environment and financial support, the society should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, improve the transformation mechanism of high-tech achievements, and provide more policy support to scientific and technological enterprises.#br#