Where to park? A behavioural comparison of bus Park and Ride and city centre car park usage in Bath,UK |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Transport and Society, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;2. Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel Aviv University, PO Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;1. School of Policy Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan;2. Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;1. Department of Urban & Regional Transport Research, Korea Transport Institute, 315, Goyangdaero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Goeonggi-do 411-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Transportation System Engineering, Ajou University, 5 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon 442-749, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Urban Planning & Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Urban Planning & Design, School of Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia;2. Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;3. Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan;1. Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China;2. Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia;3. School of Computer Science and Security Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia;1. Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel;2. Amy-Metom, Tel-Aviv, Israel;1. Florida State University, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 353 Bellamy, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2280, United States;2. Virginia Department of Transportation, United States |
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| Abstract: | Integrating car parking facilities with public transport in Park and Ride (P&R) facilities has the potential to shorten car trips, contributing to more sustainable mobility. There is an ongoing debate about the actual effects of P&R on the transport system at the subregional level. A key issue is the relative attractiveness of city centre car parks (CCCP), P&R and public transport. The paper presents the findings of a comparative empirical case-study based on a field survey of CCCP and P&R users conducted in the city of Bath, UK. Spatial and statistical analyses are applied. Radial distance to parking, availability of P&R sites in the direction of travel, gender, age, income and party-size are found to be important factors in a binary logistic regression model, explaining the revealed-preference of parking type. Stated analysis of foregone parking alternatives suggests more use of public transport and walking/cycling would likely occur without first-best parking alternatives. The policy implications and possible planning alternatives to P&R at the urban fringes for achieving greater sustainability goals are also discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Transport policy Park and Ride Parking Sustainable mobility Travel behaviour Public transport |
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