基本养老保险全国统筹的依据、阻碍与推进路径

从地区分割走向全国统筹是完善基本养老保险制度的必由之路。实现基础养老金全国统筹是公平原则的体现,也是均衡区域养老负担的理性选择,符合缩小地区养老金待遇差距的要求,客观上有利于促进劳动力自由流动。但是全国统筹面临着区域经济发展不均衡、政府利益非完全一致、央地权责不明确、历史债务分担不合理和省级统筹不彻底等多方面阻碍。建议从提高中央调剂金比例、合理划分央地政府权责、建立激励与约束机制、明确历史债务承担主体和完善省级统筹等方面协调推进,为实现基本养老保险全国统筹的目标破除体制障碍。

The Basis,Obstacles and Promotion Path of National Overall Planning for Basic Endowment Insurance

From regional division to national overall planning is the only way to improve the basic endowment insurance system. Achieving national overall planning for basic pension is a manifestation of the principle of fairness. It is also a rational choice for balancing the burden of endowment between regions. It is in line with the inevitable requirement of narrowing the gap in pension benefits in the region, and objectively helps to promote the formation and improvement of a unified national labor market. However, the national overall planning faces many obstacles such as uneven regional economic development,nonconsistent government interests, unclear central powers and responsibilities, unreasonable historical debt sharing, and incomplete provincial coordination. It is suggested that we should improve the proportion of central adjustment funds, reasonably divide the powers and responsibilities of central and local governments, establish incentive and restraint mechanisms,clarify the subject of historical debts and improve the provincial overall planning, so as to break down the institutional barriers to achieve the goal of national overall planning of basic endowment insurance.