公共服务与技能溢价——基于劳动力结构的视角

公共服务通过促进技能偏向性技术进步、促进技术行业发展以及影响劳动力结构等途径影响劳动力的供给和需求,进而显著影响技能溢价。本文使用2004—2018年30个省市的数据,通过构建面板模型实证检验了公共服务与技能溢价之间的关系。研究发现:劳动力结构在公共服务与技能溢价之间存在中介效应,公共服务对技能溢价具有显著的负向影响。进一步以劳动力结构为门槛变量进行门槛回归,发现公共服务对于技能溢价的影响存在拐点,且在拐点两侧存在显著异质性影响。东部地区公共服务在门槛值两侧对技能溢价都具有抑制作用,而且随着劳动力结构的上升这种抑制效应不断增强;中、西部地区公共服务在门槛值两侧分别呈现先促进后抑制的现象,低于门槛值时公共服务对技能溢价具有显著的正向影响效应,高于门槛值时公共服务对技能溢价则具有较为显著的负向影响效应。当前中、西部地区公共服务水平较低仍未达到门槛值,因而中、西部地区需要不断提升公共服务水平,通过培养和吸引高技能人才,提高技能劳动力在全体劳动力中占比,最终达到缩小技能工资差异,提高劳动者的消费能力和国内国际双循环的政策效果。

Research on the Public Service and skill Premium:From the Perspective of Labor Structure

Public service can affect the supply and demand of labor force through promoting skill biased technological progress,promoting the development of technology industry,and influencing the structure of labor force.Using the data of 30 provinces and cities from 2004 to 2018,this paper empirically tests the relationship between public service and skill premium by constructing a panel model.We find that labor structure has a mediating effect between public service and skill premium,and public service has a significant negative impact on skill premium.Then,through performing a threshold regression analysis with labor structure as the threshold variable we find that there is a turning point in the influence of public service on skill premium,and there is heterogeneity near the inflection point.Moreover,the higher the level of labor structure is,the stronger the inhibition is.The public services in central and western regions show the phenomenon of promoting first and then restraining on both sides of the threshold value.At present,the public service level in the central and western regions is relatively low and has not yet reached the threshold value.Therefore,the central and western regions need to constantly improve the level of public service,and narrow the skill wage gap by cultivating and attracting high skilled talents.