中间组织的成因:一个交易费用经济学视角的扩展分析

协调经济活动有不同的制度形式：经济理论主要关注通过价格机制这只“看不见的手”来进行的市场协调；组织理论则更注重通过等级制这只“看得见的手”来协调企业的内部行为，市场和企业被视为两种最重要的协调制度形式。但事实上，在市场和企业之间并不存在明确的界限，它们之间相互渗透，产生了复杂多样中间组织，正如威廉姆森所说，大量的交易是在中间组织中进行，中间组织才是普遍的形式。本文试图在探讨中间组织的内涵特征、性质等问题的基础上，用交易费用经济学的分析方法对其成因进行扩展分析。

The reason for agent: a expand analysis from trade cost economic angle

There are varied institutional forms of coordinating economic activities. The economic theories have largely focused on market coordination through the invisible hand of the price mechanism, while the organization theories have focused on the hierarchical form as a means of coordinating internalized actions within the firm. Markets and firms together can be seen as the two most prominent institutional forms of coordination. But in our real life, there are no obvious boundaries between market and firm , and they interpenetrate , creating varied interorganizations . As Williamson said , most transactions display within the interorganizations, which are the most popular forms. Based on discussing the nature , character and property of interorganizations, this paper tries to explain patulously the cause of interorganizations by means of transaction cost economic