基于分形理论的昆明市土地利用空间结构及重点审计地类分析

为揭示被审计地区土地利用空间结构变化特征,确定重点审计地类,提高土地资源审计效率,为自然资源资产审计提供新思路。本文基于昆明市2015年和2018年两期土地利用现状数据,利用GIS技术、统计分析软件以及分形理论对2015-2018年该区域的土地利用类型形态复杂度和结构稳定性进行研究,以深入揭示该区域土地利用分形动态特征,从而掌握土地资源变化情况,更好地服务于自然资源资产审计。结果表明,(1)基于分形理论构建的分形维数和稳定性指数能够表达土地利用类型的总体特征与空间形态结构变化,能够揭示被审计地区各地类土地资源资产的变动趋势,从而确定土地资源重点审计地类;(2)昆明市各土地利用类型分形维数都存在不同程度的变化,水域分形维数最大,土地利用类型形态最为复杂,但结构也最为稳定;建设用地、耕地、草地、园地及未利用地分形维数都呈上升态势,土地利用类型形态趋向复杂,结构趋向不稳定;林地分形维数减小,土地利用类型形态趋向规则,结构趋向稳定。结构不稳定的地类应该作为自然资源资产审计的重点关注内容。基于土地利用分形动态特征确定重点审计地类具有可操作性,能够提高土地资源的审计效率,可以作为自然资源资产审计的新思路。

Analysis of Kunming Land Use Space Structure and Key Audit Land Types Based on Fractal Theory

To reveal the characteristics of the spatial structure change of land use in the audited area,determine the key audit land types,improve the efficiency of land resource audit,and provide new ideas for the audit of natural resources assets.Based on the 2015 and 2018 land use data in Kunming,GIS technology,statistical analysis software,and fractal theory were used to study the land use type morphological complexity and structural stability in the region from 2015 to 2018.In-depth reveal the dynamic characteristics of the land use fractal in this area,so as to grasp the change of land resources,and better serve the audit of natural resource assets.the results show that,(1)the fractal dimension and stability index constructed based on the fractal theory can express the general characteristics of land use types and the changes in spatial form and structure,and can reveal the change trend of land resource assets in various regions of the audited area,thereby determining the key audit of land resources;(2)the fractal dimension of each land use type in Kunming City varies to varying degrees.The fractal dimension of the water area is the largest,and the land use type has the most complicated form,but the structure is also the most stable.Land fractal dimensions are on the rise,land use types tend to be more complex,and structures tend to be unstable;forest land fractal dimensions are reduced,land use types are more regular,and structures are more stable.Structurally unstable land types should be the focus of natural resources asset audit.Determining key audit land types based on the dynamic characteristics of land use fractals has operability,can improve the audit efficiency of land resources,and can be used as a new idea of natural resources assets audit.