企业出口与生产率的关系——基于中国工业企业数据的实证研究

采用1998—2007年中国工业企业数据,对出口与生产率的关系进行了再探讨,具体研究了出口企业是否具有更高的生产率、企业在做出口决策的过程中是否存在自我选择机制以及出口行为本身是否能促进企业生产率的增长。研究结果显示:当用TFP衡量生产率时,企业出口决策中存在自我选择机制,因此出口企业的生产率相对较高——这与异质企业贸易模型的预期结果一致;当用劳动生产率(人均附加值)衡量企业生产率时,则"生产率悖论"存在,即出口者的生产率反而较低;当企业刚进入出口市场时,其生产率会经历短期的快速增长,但从长期来看,出口对企业生产率增长的作用在整体上是负向的。

Relationship between Exporting and Firm＇s Productivity： Empirical Study Based on Chinese Firm-Level Manufacturing Data

This paper uses the Chinese firm-level manufacturing data from 1998to 2007to re-investigate the relationship between exporting and firm＇s productivity by examining the following three questions：Are exporters more productive than non-exporters？Do more productive firms self-select into exporting？Does exporting foster productivity growth？The results show as follows：when productivity measured by TFP,consistent with the prediction of heterogeneous firm trade model,there is a self-selection of more productive firms into exporting,so that exporters are more productive than non-exporters;however,the＇export premium puzzle＇appears when using labor productivity（value-added per worker）to measure firm＇s productivity,the exporters are less productive than non-exporters;exporters＇ productivity grow faster in the first year in the exporting market,but in aggregate,the impact of export on productivity growth is negative,regardless of how productivity is measured.