工商资本投资农业的土地退出机制研究

工商资本投资农业既促进了现代农业的发展，也带来了圈地、掠夺式经营、破坏耕地及生态等各种风险。从土地产权方式的视角化解工商资本投资农业面临的风险，除了要完善工商资本租赁土地的准入机制和监管机制，还需要建立工商资本投资农业的土地退出机制，以此引导工商资本退出对农地的直接占有，降低工商资本经营不善后退出农地的社会成本。工商资本投资农业的土地退出机制应该包含自愿退出激励机制、改造及复耕机制、退出成本测算机制、信息披露和信誉机制四个方面，通过四大机制耦合协调，实现各方共赢。

Land Exit Mechanism for Industrial and Commercial Capital Investment in Chinese Agriculture

With the encouragement and guidance of national policy,more and more industrial and commercial capital invested into agricultural sector in China,which not only promote the development of modern agriculture, but also brings enclosure, predatory operation, destruction of arable land and ecological risks. We must strengthen its risk prevention while leading industrial and commercial capital to invest in agriculture. In addition to improving on the entrance and supervision regulations for industrial and commercial capital leasing farmland, we should also establish an exit mechanism for industrial and commercial capital investment in agriculture, which guides the industrial and commercial capital entering the non-direct production processes in agriculture, to reduce the social cost after mismanaged capital exit agriculture. This paper builds the exit mechanism for industrial and commercial capital investment in Chinese agriculture from four aspects:Voluntary exit incentive mechanism to encourage industrial and commercial capital exit the directly production chain into agricultural secondary and tertiary sectors; Reconstruction and disciplinary punishment mechanism to reform those unscrupulous companies which endanger food security, harm the interests of farmers, destroy land ecological; Exit cost accounting mechanism to measure and calculate exit costs of land reclamation and farmers or other stakeholders, in order to protect arable land and the interests of farmers; Information disclosure and reputation mechanism to disclose and warn the anomie behavior of industrial and commercial capital investment in agriculture, establish credit files of industrial and commercial capital investment in agriculture, in order to reduce and prevent market risks. Effective exit mechanism for Industrial and commercial capital investment in agriculture need for coupling the four coordination mechanisms to promote the healthy development of Chinese agriculture, achieve the win-win situation for stakeholders.