我国稀土外贸管制实施效果及困境分析

本文分析了我国对于稀土产品出口外贸管制面临的几大瓶颈问题：内外贸政策的一致性、价格传导机制影响实体经济、环境保护及可持续发展问题。通过分析发现，出口限制有效地改善了出口的价格劣势，但是国内市场行业集中度的提高和企业分散经营同时并存；管制让市场形成了价格上涨的预期，引致企业之间的无序扩张，放大了产业链的“牛鞭效应”并最终损害了行业利益；虽然能源利用效率得到提高，但对环境污染问题却有加重趋势，尤其是在稀土金属矿采选行业。最后提出需要转变监管方式，以资源税、环境税替代关税等措施；让市场信息充分流动．减少行政干预，改变国有企业独大的现状：加强环境保护的监管等。

Effect and Dilemma of China＇s Foreign Trade Control on Rare Earth Industry

This article analyzes the big bottleneck problems that China faces when implementing export controls on rare earth products： consistency of foreign and domestic trade policies, effect of price conduction mechanism on the real economy, issues conceming environmental protection and sustainable development. Through the analysis this study finds that： （1） export restrictions have effectively contained the export price disadvantage, but the increase in industrial concentration and separate management of enterprises coexist in the domestic market; （2） export controls encourage the expectations of price rises in the market, resulting in enterprises＇ unlimited sprawl in their scale and magnifying the ＂bullwhip effect＂ in the industrial chain which eventually impairs the industry; （3） although energy utilization efficiency has improved, the problem of environmental pollution is also highlighted, especially in the rare earth metal industry. Finally, this paper suggests that the export regulation be transformed, the government replace tariffs with environmental taxes, facilitate free circulation of market information, reduce administrative intervention, ease the dominance of state-owned enterprises, strengthen the supervision of environmental protection, etc.