产品差异与技术差距影响研发溢出的理论探讨

在传统研发溢出效应假设基础上,通过技术差距将溢出效应与产品差异有机联系起来,并通过构建双寡头企业两阶段博弈模型对研发卡特尔、生产卡特尔、完全合作等不同形式合作联盟的均衡水平和福利变化进行分析比较。研究证实：当企业间技术差距较小时,完全合作或研发卡特尔能有效提高企业利润和社会福利;而当技术差距较大时,研发阶段的合作不仅无法激励企业进行研发投入,还会抑制企业创新的积极性。此外,与完全合作相比,局部合作具有更强的稳定性和可持续性,尤其是在产品差异程度较大的情况下,研发卡特尔最为稳定。

Impact of Product Difference and Technology Gap on R&D Spillovers

On the basis of the traditional R&D spillover effect hypothesis, this paper uses technology gap to organically associate product differentiation with spillover effect.By building a two stage duopoly game, this paper analyzes and compares the equilibrium levels in different forms of cooperative alliance, such as R&D cartel, production cartel and complete cooperation.It is shown that full cooperation or R&D cartel can effectively increase the profits and enhance the social welfare when the technology gap is small; however, when the technology gap is large, cooperation in the R&D stage not only hinders firms to invest in R&D, but also restrains innovation enthusiasm of firms.In addition, this paper also confirms that semi cooperation is more stable and more sustainable than full cooperation,especially when the product differentiation is large, R&D cartel is the most stable.