代工企业转型升级的影响因素研究——基于昆山制造业企业的问卷调查

与以往的理论分析和个案研究不同,本文以国际代工特征显著的江苏省昆山市为例,利用制造业出口企业的调查数据总结了其转型升级的成就,并从微观层面实证分析了代工企业转型升级的可能影响因素。研究结果显示:企业的价值链升级能减少其对国际市场的依赖,对外需市场依赖越小,企业越容易转型升级;企业规模的扩大并不能促进制造业企业的转型升级,反而会使企业陷入对国际代工模式的路径依赖;技术创新强度与出口倾向和附加值水平都显著负相关,说明创新能力提高固然可以改变制造业企业过度依赖出口的局面,但可能要发挥长期效应才能有助于价值链升级;工资水平对附加值和出口倾向影响的显著性水平都较低,说明价值链升级可能弱化了要素成本上升的负面影响。

The Study of the Influencing Factors on Transformation and Upgrading of Subcontracting Firms based on the Survey of Manufacturing Enterprises in Kunshan

Different from the previous theoretical analysis and case studies,the paper chooses Kunshan of Jiangsu Province featuring with international subcontracting as the example,and sums up the achievements of its transformation and upgrading,and then have an empirical micro-analysis on the possible influencing factors on transformation and upgrading of subcontracting firms by using the survey data on export manufacturing enterprises.The results show that: firstly,the value chain upgrading of a firm can reduce its dependence on international markets,and the less dependence on foreign market,the easier firm upgrading would be.Secondly,the expansion of firm scale does not promote transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises,but will make the enterprise into the path dependence on international subcontracting.Thirdly,the technological innovation intensity is significantly negatively correlated with export orientation and value-added level,which indicates that the innovative capacity can prevent manufacturing enterprises from over-reliance on exports,but may contribute to value chain upgrading only with long-term effects.Fourthly,the wage level influences value-added and export orientation with a lower significance level,which means the value chain upgrading may weaken the negative impact of rising factor costs.