英国应对人口老龄化的经验及对中国的启示

英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，也是人口老龄化国家。英国在应对人口老龄化方面积累了较为丰富的经验，采取了推迟退休、倡导积极老龄化、利用国际移民、推行以促进就业为导向的社会政策和大力开发人力资源等措施，较为成功地应对了老龄化时代的社会经济问题。但英国的养老金面临较大的财政风险，国际移民面临本土适应问题。中国可以参考英国分权管理、责任下放的政府治理体制，建立有梯度的养老金制度，建立广覆盖、低费用、以社区卫生服务为主的全民基本医疗保障制度。

A Hint to China： the Experiences of Coping with Population Aging in the UK

The UK is the first industrialized country in the world and an aged country. Rich experiences have been gathered in the process of coping with population aging, such as postponing retirement age, promoting active aging, utilizing international migrants, adopting employment-centered social policy, and developing human resources. These measures have successfully addressed social and economic problems during the population aging process, though meanwhile the pension system is facing great financial crisis and the arriving immigrants their cultural adaptation. China could learn from the UK its de-powering policies which let the executive take the responsibility of supplying public services, its stepwise pension system as well as a low-price and widely covered medical insurance system.