国际海事新标的挑战与机遇

作为一种全球认可、通用、可荤复使用的生产、产品或服务规则．国际标准正从消费者关注和生产者关注拓展到包括环境在内的社会关注．对节能、资源节约、环境保护、公共安全和健康等方面的技术要求越来越多地被制订成国际标准在全球推广。尽管大多数国际标准为自愿性标准．但由于其用户基础和国际社会认同的广泛性和网络性．这种自愿性标准往往成为事实上的强制性标准．并演变成产业技术垄断、产业进入壁垒和贸易技术壁垒．对国际贸易格局和产业分工格局产生了深远的影响。

Challenge and opportunity offered by new marine norms

The shipbuilding industry is a capital-intensive and technology-intensive industry, which witnesses increasingly tough standards. Each change in technical specification brings impact upon the global shipbuilding industry. As a major ship- building country. China is oarticularly affected by international standards.