遗传和变异视角下东北黑土区典型地域耕地质量 退化时空分异 ——以富锦市为例

研究目的：基于耕地遗传和变异质量退化视角，揭示东北黑土区耕地质量退化时空分异规律，为实现黑土耕地的可持续利用提供理论和技术支撑。研究方法：采用主成分分析、灰色关联度、改进的CRITIC模型。研究结果：（1）研究区有28.63%的耕地发生遗传质量退化，呈现出中部退化程度最高、西部与中南部次之、东部最低的耕地遗传质量退化格局；（2）研究区发生变异质量退化的耕地占44.51%，表现出中、西部为主和东部为辅的变异质量退化格局；（3）研究区有30.84%的耕地发生质量退化，呈现出以中、西、东部梯度递减为主基调的耕地质量退化格局；（4）研究区耕地质量退化的诊断结果与现实耕地利用状态吻合，基于遗传和变异的耕地质量退化测度框架可准确有效的刻画出耕地质量退化时空格局。研究结论：明确耕地遗传和变异质量退化间的空间互动关系是充分了解和掌握耕地质量退化过程与规律的重要途径。研究区一方面应统筹耕地保护与自然资源保护间的关系，修复受损的自然资源，促进区域生态循环过程，进而提高耕地遗传质量；另一方面需持续推进高标准农田建设和完善土地流转制度，提高耕地抗御外界不利因素和规模化经营的水平，以提升耕地变异质量，最终扭转和遏制东北黑土区耕地质量退化态势。

Spatial and Temporal Differentiation of Cultivated Land Quality Degradation in a Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China from the Perspective of Genetics and Variation: A Case Study in Fujin City

The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial-temporal differentiation of cultivated land quality degradation in the black soil area of northeast China from the perspective of cultivated land genetic and variable quality degradation, to provide theoretical and technical support for the sustainable use of black soil. The research methods include principal component analysis, grey correlation degree and improved CRITIC model. The results show that 1) genetic quality degradation occurred in 28.63% of cultivated land in the study area, showing the highest degree of degradation in the central region, followed by the west and central south, and the lowest in the east. 2) The cultivated land with variable quality degradation accounted for 44.51%, showing a pattern of variable quality degradation dominated by the central and western regions and supplemented by the eastern regions. 3) Quality degradation occurred in 30.84% of cultivated land in the study area, showing a pattern of cultivated land quality degradation mainly based on decreasing gradient in the central, western and eastern regions. 4) The diagnosis results of cultivated land quality degradation in the study area are consistent with the actual state of cultivated land use, and the measurement framework of cultivated land quality degradation based on genetic and variation can accurately and effectively depict the spatial and temporal patterns of cultivated land quality degradation. In conclusion, it is an important way to fully understand and master the process and regularity of cultivated land quality degradation by clarifying the spatial interaction between genetic and variable quality degradation of cultivated land. Furthermore, the relationship between cultivated land protection and natural resources protection should be integrated, the damaged natural resources should be repaired, the regional ecological cycle should be promoted, and the genetic quality of cultivated land should be improved. It is necessary to continue to promote the construction of high-standard farmland and to improve land transfer institution, the level of resisting external adverse factors and large-scale management of cultivated land, to improve the variation quality of cultivated land, finally reversing and curbing the quality degradation of cultivated land in the black soil area of northeast China.