乡村振兴:农村转型、结构转型和政府职能

农村发展过程有其共性规律和区域差异。本文首先以亚洲主要国家为例,分析了农村转型和结构转型存在的共性问题及其与农村发展的关系;其次基于40年中国农村发展改革经验,分析了农村转型路径与转型效果以及与农村转型各阶段相适应的的制度安排、政策支持和投资重点;基于以上分析,本文提出在乡村振兴过程中,要加速农村转型速度,促进高值农业发展和农民增收;加速结构转型速度,促进农村劳动力非农就业和农业劳动生产率的大幅提升;要转变政府职能,通过制度创新、政策创新和投资创新,加快农村转型和结构转型,促进乡村振兴战略的顺利实施;不同地区加速农村转型不能搞一刀切;同时也提出未来需要深入研究的重大理论和政策问题。

Rural Revitalization: Rural Transformation,Structural Transformation and Government’s Functions

The process of rural transformation has its common feature and regional variation. Taking major Asian countries as examples, this paper firstly analyzes the common problems existing in rural transformation and structural transformation as well as their relationship with rural development. Then, with 40 years of China’s rural development and reform experience, this paper shows the pathway and effectsof rural transformation, as well as the institutional arrangement, policy support and investment focus corresponding to each stage of rural transformation.Based on the above analyses, several policy implications are discussed in the process of China’s rural revitalization:(1) it is suggested to acceleratethe speed of rural transformation to promote the development of high-value agriculture and increase farmers’ income;(2) rural labor off-farm employment and agricultural labor productivity should be raised through accelerating the speed of structural transformation;(3) another implication is to transformgovernment functionsthrough institutional innovation, policy innovation and investment innovation, and promote the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization;(4)different areas to accelerate rural transformation should not be one size fits all. This paper ends with raising several theoretical and policy issues that need more in-depth study in the future.