“一带一路”倡议下中国农业企业“走出去”的现状、困境与对策

农业"走出去"是国家"走出去"战略的重要组成部分,也是落实"一带一路"倡议的重要抓手。总体来说,中国农业企业"走出去"是"遍地是黄金,处处是陷阱"。投资区域日趋广泛,集中于中亚地区;投资主体日趋多样,民营企业发展迅速;投资领域日趋多元,加工贸易优势突出;投资经营日趋规范,本土化特征明显;由农产品加工贸易模式向农业技术转移模式转变。但面临着国外政策环境方面的资源困境、技术困境、人才困境、舆论困境,国内政策制度方面的投资审批、种质资源、农产品检验检疫限制,企业经营管理方面的市场竞争环境较激烈、企业国际化能力不强、企业的品牌价值不高、社会责任塑造能力弱,社会服务体系方面的行业信息服务不到位、政府涉外服务不到位等问题。建议政府部门建立和完善推动农业企业"走出去"的支持服务体系,同时,引导和支持农业企业提升"走出去"的投资经营能力。

Study on Foreign Agricultural Investments of China’s Agricultural Enterprises under the Belt and Road

Agricultural foreign investment is a part of the country’s foreign investment strategy and an important starting point for the Belt and Road Initiative.The performance of China’s agricultural enterprises in foreign investment contains the following five aspects:(1)the investment area is increasingly widespread,most concentrated in Central Asia;(2)the investment subjects are increasingly diverse,especially the private enterprises;(3)the investment field is increasingly diversified,developing the advantages of processing trade;(4)the investment management is becoming more standardized,with obvious localization characteristics;(5)the model has shifted to the agricultural technology transfer model.However,it faces the resource dilemma,technical dilemma,talent dilemma,and public opinion dilemma in foreign policy environment;investment approval,germplasm resources,agricultural product inspection and quarantine restrictions in domestic policy system;fierce competition,weak internationalization ability,low brand value,weak social responsibility in enterprise management;and bad industry information services as well as weak government foreign-related services in social services system.It is recommended that the government establish and improve a support service system that promotes the agricultural foreign investment of agricultural enterprises.At the same time,government should also guide and support agricultural enterprises to enhance the capability of investment and management for agricultural foreign investment.